Management and Organizations
1、Manager:管理者
Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals .
管理者是這樣的人,他通過協(xié)調(diào)其他人的活動達(dá)到與別人一起或者通過別人實(shí)現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)的目的。
2、First-line managers :基層管理者
Managers at the lowest level of the organization who manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who are involved With the production or the organization‘s products
是管理著非管理人員所從事的生產(chǎn)和提供組織產(chǎn)品的工作,是最低層的管理者
3、Middle managers :中層管理者
Mangers between the first-line level and the top level of the organization who manage the work of first-line managers
處于基層和高層之間,管理著基層管理者。
4、Top manager :高層管理者
Managers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.
處于或接近組織頂層,承擔(dān)著制定廣泛的組織決策,為整個(gè)組織制定計(jì)劃和目標(biāo)的責(zé)任。
5、Management :管理
The coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people
管理是一個(gè)通過協(xié)調(diào)工作活動以便能夠有效率和有效果地同別人一起或通過別人實(shí)現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)。
6、Efficiency : 效率
Getting the most output from the least amount of inputs referred to as “doing right things”
是指以盡可能少的投入獲得盡可能多的產(chǎn)品,“通常指正確的做事”,即不浪費(fèi)資源。
7、Effectiveness :效果
Completing activities so that organizational goals are attained referred to as “doing the right things”
通常指“做正確的事”,即所從事的工作和活動有利于組織達(dá)到目標(biāo)。
8、Planning : 計(jì)劃
Management function that involves the process of defining goals ,establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities
包括定義目標(biāo),制定戰(zhàn)略以獲取目標(biāo),以及制定計(jì)劃和協(xié)調(diào)活動的職能。
9、Organizing : 組織
Management function that involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them. How the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to them, and where decisions are to made.
指決定應(yīng)該從事那些任務(wù),應(yīng)該有誰來從事這些任務(wù),這些任務(wù)怎么分類和歸集,誰向誰報(bào)告,以及在哪一級做處決策的職能。
10、Leading : 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
Management function that involves motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels or dealing in any way with employee behavior issues.
指激勵(lì)下屬,影響工作中的個(gè)體或團(tuán)隊(duì),選擇最有效的溝通渠道,或者以任何方式處理雇員的行為問題的職能。
11、Controlling: 控制
Management function that involves monitoring actual performance ,comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary.
指監(jiān)控、評估工作實(shí)際績效并與預(yù)先設(shè)定的目標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較,如果出現(xiàn)偏差,著采取措施使工作績效回到正常的工作軌道上來的職能。
12、Management process: 管理過程
The set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan ,organize, lead, and control.
指一組進(jìn)行中的決策和工作活動,在這個(gè)過程中管理者從事計(jì)劃、組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和控制。
13、Management roles: 管理角色
Specific categories of managerial behavior
指特定的管理行為類型
14、Interpersonal roles: 人際關(guān)系角色
Managerial roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature.
包含了人與人(下級和組織外的人),以及其他具有禮儀性和象征性的職責(zé)。
15、Informational roles: 信息傳遞角色
Managerial roles that involve receiving, collecting, and disseminating Information.
包括接受、收集和傳播信息。
16、Decisional roles: 決策制定角色
Managerial roles that revolve around making choices.
是作出抉擇的活動。
17、Technical skills: 技術(shù)技能
Knowledge of and proficiency in a specialized field.
指熟悉和精通某種特定專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的知識。
18、Human skills: 人際技能
The ability to work well with other people individually and in a group.
知道如何與員工溝通,如何激勵(lì)。引導(dǎo)和鼓舞員工的熱情和信心,使員工做出最大的努力。
19、Conceptual skills: 概念技能
The ability to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations
是管理者對復(fù)雜和抽象的情況進(jìn)行概念化的技能。
20、organization: 組織
A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
是一種實(shí)體,他具有明確的目的,包含人員和成員以及具有某中精細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
21、universality of management: 管理的普遍性
The reality that management is need in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational level, in all organizational areas, and in organizations in all countries around the globe.
是指無論組織規(guī)模的大小,無論在組織的哪一個(gè)層次上,無論組織的工作領(lǐng)域是什么,無論這個(gè)組織位于哪一個(gè)國家,這個(gè)組織都需要管理。
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