Management Yesterday and Today

1、Division of labor : 勞動分工

The breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks.

即將工作分解為狹隘的重復(fù)性的任務(wù)。

2、Industrial revolution:

The advent of machine power mass production , and efficient transportation.

產(chǎn)業(yè)革命:機(jī)器動力的出現(xiàn)而帶來的產(chǎn)量的增加及運輸效率的提高。

3、Scientific management: 科學(xué)管理

The use of scientific method to determine the “one best way” for a job to be done.

運用科學(xué)方法確定從事工作的“最佳方式”。

4、Therbligs:分類體系

A classification scheme for labeling 17 basic hand motions.

一個分析了17種手的動作(如抓取,持握等)的體系。

5、General administrative theorists: 一般行政管理理論

Writers who developed general theories of what managers do and what constitutes good management practice.

筆者發(fā)展出了關(guān)于管理者做什么,以及什么構(gòu)成了良好的管理實踐的更一般的理論。

6、Principles of management : 管理原則

Fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in all organizational situations.

管理的一些基本原則, 他們能夠在學(xué)院里教授這些原則,并可用于所有的組織情景。

7、Bureaucracy: 官僚行政組織

A form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy , detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships.

這是一種組織形式,其特征依據(jù)勞動分工原則,具有清楚定義的層次,詳細(xì)的規(guī)則和規(guī)章制度,以及非個人的關(guān)系。

8、Quantitative approach: 數(shù)量方法:

The use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making.

是采用定量技術(shù)改進(jìn)決策制定,這種方法也稱為運籌學(xué)和管理科學(xué)。

9、Organizational behavior (OB): 組織行為

The filed of study concerned with the actions (behavior) of people at work.

這個領(lǐng)域的研究涉及了工作中人的行為。

10、Hawthorne studies : 霍桑研究

A series of studies during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights in individual and group behavior.

在1920-1930期間進(jìn)行的提供關(guān)于個別和小組舉止行為的新見解的一系列研究。

11、System: 系統(tǒng)

A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.

是一組向互聯(lián)系和相互依賴的組成部分,它們共同構(gòu)成一個統(tǒng)一的整體。

12、Closed systems: 封閉系統(tǒng)

Systems that are not influenced by or do not interact with their environment.

不與它所處的環(huán)境發(fā)生作用,不受環(huán)境的影響。

13、Open systems: 開放系統(tǒng)

Systems that dynamically interact with their environment.

動態(tài)地與它所處的環(huán)境發(fā)生作用。

14、Contingency perspective: 權(quán)變觀點(有時又稱為情境方式):

An approach that says that organizations are different,face different situations (contingencies), and require different ways of managing.

它強(qiáng)調(diào)這樣一個事實,因為組織不同,他們所面對的情境不同,因此可能要求不同的管理方式。

15、Workforce diversity: 勞動力多元化

A workforce that‘s more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, age, and other characteristics that reflect differences.

即員工隊伍在性別,種族,民族,年齡和其他特征方面更加多樣化。

16、Entrepreneurship:創(chuàng)業(yè)精神/企業(yè)家精神

The process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts and means to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation an uniqueness, no matter what resources are currently controlled.

即某個人或者某個群體通過有組織的努力,以創(chuàng)新的和獨特的方式追求機(jī)會,創(chuàng)造價值和謀求增長,不管這些人手中是否擁有資源。

17、E-business(electronic business): 電子經(jīng)營型企業(yè)

A comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using electronic (internet based) linkages with its key constituencies in order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals.

它描述了一個有組織通過電子聯(lián)結(jié)與它的關(guān)鍵利益相關(guān)者開展工作的方式,以便更有效率和更有效果地實現(xiàn)其目標(biāo)。

18、E-commerce(electronic commerce) :電子商務(wù)

The sales and marketing component of e-business.

是企業(yè)與其利益方通過電子方式進(jìn)行交換與交易的任何形式。

19、Intranet:企業(yè)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)

An internal organizational communication system that uses internet technology and is accessible only by organizational employees.

一種組織內(nèi)部的交流系統(tǒng),它利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)但是只允許組織內(nèi)部人員進(jìn)入該網(wǎng)絡(luò),與處于全球各個場所的部門和人員進(jìn)行交流。

20、Total quality management (TQM):全面質(zhì)量管理

A philosophy of management that is driven by customer needs and expectations and focuses on continual improvement in work processes.

一種管理哲學(xué),它被響應(yīng)顧客需要和期望所驅(qū)動,并在工作過程中關(guān)注持續(xù)不斷地改進(jìn)。

21、Learning organization:學(xué)習(xí)型組織

An organization that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change.

具有發(fā)展持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)變革的能力的組織。

22、Knowledge management:知識管理

Cultivating a learning culture in which organizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the organization to achieve better performance.

培育一種學(xué)習(xí)文化,在這種文化中組織成員能夠系統(tǒng)地收集知識和其他組織成員共享它,以便取的更好的成績。

 

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